Apžvalga ("The
Review"), biweekly Catholic journal published from 1889-96.
Its full name was Žemaiczių w Lietuvos Apžvalga (The
Samogitian and Lithuanian Review). The journal was published in Tilze,
Lithuania Minor (Tilsit, East Prussia), and smuggled across the German
- Russian frontier into Lithuania Major, occupied by the Russians, who
prohibited publication in Lithuanian from 1864-1904. The printing of
the journal was handled by Juozas Angrabaitis and the chief editor was
Kazimieras Pakalniskis, a young Catholic priest who had previously
been a curate in Zemaitija (Samogitia). Manuscripts were smuggled from
Lithuania to Tilze. In seven years, 154 issues of Apžvalga
were published, each with a circulation of 2,000 copies. The journal
was primarily intended for and widely read by Lithuanian farmers and
workers. In its first issue on Dec. 10, 1889, the periodical adopted
and later maintained an unwavering and militant line against Russian
rule in Lithuania, in particular against the persecution of the Roman
Catholic Church. Its vehemence attracted many Lithuanian Catholics
into an active struggle against. Russian oppression. One article in
1895 stated: "The nations [of the Russian Empire] will separate
from each other and establish independent states, in which there will
be freedom of religion and of conscience." Publication of the
periodical was discontinued in 1896, when the Catholic monthly, Tevynės
Sargas (Guard of the Fatherland), 1896-1904, began to be
published. The men who worked on the staffs of Apžvalga and Tėvynės
Sargas later pioneered the Christian Democratic movement in
Lithuania.
Bibl.: Juozas Tumas, Apžvalga
ir apžvalgininkai, Kaunas, 1925.
